Modeling Causal Relationship between Brain Regions Within the Drug-Cue Processing Network in Chronic Cocaine Smokers

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-1-2015

Abstract

The cues associated with drugs of abuse have an essential role in perpetuating problematic use, yet effective connectivity or the causal interaction between brain regions mediating the processing of drug cues has not been defined. The aim of this fMRI study was to model the causal interaction between brain regions within the drug-cue processing network in chronic cocaine smokers and matched control participants during a cocaine-cue exposure task. Specifically, cocaine-smoking (15M; 5F) and healthy control (13M; 4F) participants viewed cocaine and neutral cues while in the scanner (a Siemens 3 T magnet). We examined whole brain activation, including activation related to drug-cue processing. Time series data extracted from ROIs determined through our General Linear Model (GLM) analysis and prior publications were used as input to IMaGES, a computationally powerful Bayesian search algorithm. During cocaine-cue exposure, cocaine users showed a particular feed-forward effective connectivity pattern between the ROIs of the drug-cue processing network (amygdalahippocampus dorsal striatum insula medial frontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex) that was not present when the controls viewed the cocaine cues. Cocaine craving ratings positively correlated with the strength of the causal influence of the insula on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in cocaine users. This study is the first demonstration of a causal interaction between ROIs within the drug-cue processing network in cocaine users. This study provides insight into the mechanism underlying continued substance use and has implications for monitoring treatment response.

Identifier

84947026954 (Scopus)

Publication Title

Neuropsychopharmacology

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.150

e-ISSN

1740634X

ISSN

0893133X

PubMed ID

26038158

First Page

2960

Last Page

2968

Issue

13

Volume

40

Grant

K01DA029047

Fund Ref

National Institute on Drug Abuse

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