A review of the applications, environmental release, and remediation technologies of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2020

Abstract

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pollutants that have demonstrated a high level of environmental persistence and are very difficult to remediate. As the body of literature on their environmental effects has increased, so has regulatory and research scrutiny. The widespread usage of PFAS in industrial applications and consumer products, complicated by their environmental release, mobility, fate, and transport, have resulted in multiple exposure routes for humans. Furthermore, low screening levels and stringent regulatory standards that vary by state introduce considerable uncertainty and potential costs in the environmental management of PFAS. The recalcitrant nature of PFAS render their removal difficult, but existing and emerging technologies can be leveraged to destroy or sequester PFAS in a variety of environmental matrices. Additionally, new research on PFAS remediation technologies has emerged to address the efficiency, costs, and other shortcomings of existing remediation methods. Further research on the impact of field parameters such as secondary water quality effects, the presence of co-contaminants and emerging PFAS, reaction mechanisms, defluorination yields, and the decomposition products of treatment technologies is needed to fully evaluate these emerging technologies, and industry attention should focus on treatment train approaches to improve efficiency and reduce the cost of treatment.

Identifier

85095612015 (Scopus)

Publication Title

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218117

e-ISSN

16604601

ISSN

16617827

PubMed ID

33153160

First Page

1

Last Page

26

Issue

21

Volume

17

Grant

2016168

Fund Ref

National Science Foundation

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