Measurement of volume changes and associated stresses in ge electrodes due to na/na+ redox reactions
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
1-1-2021
Abstract
In situ electrochemical cells were assembled with an amorphous germanium (a-Ge) film as working electrode and sodium foil as reference and counter electrode. The stresses generated in a-Ge electrodes due to electrochemical reaction with sodium were measured in real-time during the galvanostatic cycling. A specially designed patterned a-Ge electrode was cycled against sodium and the corresponding volume changes were measured using an AFM; it was observed that sodiation/desodiation of a-Ge results in more than 300% volume change, consistent with literature. The potential and stress response showed that the a-Ge film undergoes irreversible changes during the first sodiation process, but the subsequent desodiation/sodiation cycles are reversible. The stress response of the film reached steady-state after the initial sodiation and is qualitatively similar to the response of Ge during lithiation, i.e., initial linear elastic response followed by extensive plastic deformation of the film to accommodate large volume changes. However, despite being bigger ion, sodiation of Ge generated lower stress levels compared to lithiation. Consequently, the mechanical dissipation losses associated with plastic deformation are lower during sodiation process than it is for lithiation.
Identifier
85099882420 (Scopus)
Publication Title
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
External Full Text Location
https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abd5fc
e-ISSN
19457111
ISSN
00134651
Issue
1
Volume
168
Grant
58557-ND5
Fund Ref
American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund
Recommended Citation
Rakshit, Subhajit; Pakhare, Akshay S.; Ruiz, Olivia; Reza Khoshi, M.; Detsi, Eric; He, Huixin; Sethuraman, Vijay A.; and Nadimpalli, Siva P.V., "Measurement of volume changes and associated stresses in ge electrodes due to na/na+ redox reactions" (2021). Faculty Publications. 4719.
https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/fac_pubs/4719