Combinational image watermaking in the spatial and frequency domains
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2003
Abstract
In order to provide more watermarks and to minimize the distortion of the watermarked image, a novel technique using the combinational spatial and frequency domains is presented in this paper. The splitting of the watermarkimage into two parts, respectively, for spatial and frequency insertion relies on the user's preference and data importance. Experimental results provide the comparisons when different sized watermarks are embedded into a grayscale image. The proposed combinational image watermarking possesses the following advantages. More watermark data can be inserted into the host image, so that the capacity is increased. The splitting of the watermarkinto two parts makes the degree of protection double. The splitting strategy can be designed even more complicated to be unable to compose. Furthermore, to enhance robustness, a random permutation of the watermarkis used to defeat the attacks of signal processing, such as image crops. © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of Pattern Recognition Society.
Identifier
0036556071 (Scopus)
Publication Title
Pattern Recognition
External Full Text Location
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3203(02)00122-X
ISSN
00313203
First Page
969
Last Page
975
Issue
4
Volume
36
Fund Ref
National Science Foundation
Recommended Citation
Shih, Frank Y. and Wu, Scott Y.T., "Combinational image watermaking in the spatial and frequency domains" (2003). Faculty Publications. 14144.
https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/fac_pubs/14144