A study on the security levels of spread-spectrum embedding schemes in the WOA framework

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-1-2018

Abstract

Security analysis is a very important issue for digital watermarking. Several years ago, according to Kerckhoffs' principle, the famous four security levels, namely insecurity, key security, subspace security, and stego-security, were defined for spread-spectrum (SS) embedding schemes in the framework of watermarked-only attack. However, up to now there has been little application of the definition of these security levels to the theoretical analysis of the security of SS embedding schemes, due to the difficulty of the theoretical analysis. In this paper, based on the security definition, we present a theoretical analysis to evaluate the security levels of five typical SS embedding schemes, which are the classical SS, the improved SS (ISS), the circular extension of ISS, the nonrobust and robust natural watermarking, respectively. The theoretical analysis of these typical SS schemes are successfully performed by taking advantage of the convolution of probability distributions to derive the probabilistic models of watermarked signals. Moreover, simulations are conducted to illustrate and validate our theoretical analysis. We believe that the theoretical and practical analysis presented in this paper can bridge the gap between the definition of the four security levels and its application to the theoretical analysis of SS embedding schemes.

Identifier

85028502102 (Scopus)

Publication Title

IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2017.2735989

ISSN

21682267

PubMed ID

28841562

First Page

2307

Last Page

2320

Issue

8

Volume

48

Grant

9042038

Fund Ref

National Natural Science Foundation of China

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