Current Scenario of Pandemic COVID-19: Overview, Diagnosis, and Future Prospective

Document Type

Syllabus

Publication Date

1-1-2021

Abstract

Coronaviruses are usually more active than serious diseases for common colds. However, coronaviruses are also behind some more severe epidemics. Since past few decades, coronavirus has infected from mammals such as rodents, cattle, bats, camel to domestic pets such as cats and dogs; further, these viruses can transmit to humans. Novel mammalian coronaviruses are now regularly identified. Of the several human pathogenic coronaviruses, the majority of these are linked to mild clinical symptoms, with two considerable remarks: coronavirus, i.e. SARS-CoV, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), a novel coronavirus, and coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Middle East. Previously, another severe respiratory illness was registered apparently, further referred to as COVID-19 in the district of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On exploration of spread of the disease, it turns out that the outbreak had been originated from a market in Wuhan from seafood. A novel Coronaviridae RNA virus that was positive-sense, single-stranded RNA has been discovered by metagenomic RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample of the infected patient. It was suggested after a full viral genome phylogenetic analysis (29 903 nucleotides) (89.1% nucleotide similarity) that the virus is nearest to a community of coronaviruses similar to SARS (sub-genus Sarbecovirus and genus Β-coronavirus), previously in China originated from bats, which leads us to delve into the study of COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO as it affected nearly 118 000 individuals in around 110 countries or territories that has become a global threat. Biosensors are measuring systems; such immunosensors can also be used for the determination of COVID-19, where recombinant spike protein S1 or ACE2 receptor can be used as a biomarker. The process is highly selective over other viruses belonging to non-specific proteins. It was earlier allegedly applied effectively to spiked nasal samples in MERS-CoV and in SARS-CoV. In this article, evaluation of COVID-19, treatments available, and its clinical diagnostic with conventional methods have been discussed. Here, biosensors available for earlier reported coronavirus have been reviewed. Also, the comparisons between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV are also being reviewed.

Identifier

85144150613 (Scopus)

ISBN

[9783527349180, 9783527832521]

Publication Title

Detection and Analysis of Sars Coronavirus Advanced Biosensors for Pandemic Viruses and Related Pathogens

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527832521.ch3

First Page

43

Last Page

55

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