Cerebro-cerebellar Dysconnectivity in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-1-2022

Abstract

Objective: Abnormal cerebellar development has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) has yet to be examined in ADHD. Our objective is to investigate the disturbed cerebro-cerebellar FC in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: We analyzed a dataset of 106 individuals with ADHD (68 children, 38 adolescents) and 62 healthy comparison individuals (34 children, 28 adolescents) from the publicly available ADHD-200 dataset. We identified 7 cerebellar subregions based on cerebro-cerebellar FC and subsequently obtained the FC maps of cerebro-cerebellar networks. The main effects of ADHD and age and their interaction were examined using 2-way analysis of variance. Results: Compared to comparisons, ADHD showed higher cerebro-cerebellar FC in the superior temporal gyrus within the somatomotor network. Interactions of diagnosis and age were identified in the supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus within the somatomotor network and middle temporal gyrus within the ventral attention network. Follow-up Pearson correlation analysis revealed decreased cerebro-cerebellar FC in these regions with increasing age in comparisons, whereas the opposite pattern of increased cerebro-cerebellar FC occurred in ADHD. Conclusion: Increased cerebro-cerebellar FC in the superior temporal gyrus within the somatomotor network could underlie impairments in cognitive control and somatic motor function in ADHD. In addition, increasing cerebro-cerebellar FC in older participants with ADHD suggests that enhanced cerebellar involvement may compensate for dysfunctions of the cerebral cortex in ADHD.

Identifier

85132563871 (Scopus)

Publication Title

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.035

e-ISSN

15275418

ISSN

08908567

PubMed ID

35661770

First Page

1372

Last Page

1384

Issue

11

Volume

61

Grant

R01MH083246

Fund Ref

National Institute of Mental Health

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