Video Grading of Oranges in Real-Time

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-1998

Abstract

We describe a novel system for grading oranges into three quality bands, according to their surface characteristics. The system is designed to process fruit with a wide range of size (55-100 mm), shape (spherical to highly eccentric), surface coloration and defect markings. This application requires both high throughput (5-10 oranges per second) and complex pattern recognition. The grading is achieved by simultaneously imaging each item of fruit from six orthogonal directions as it is propelled through an inspection chamber. In order to achieve the required throughput, the system contains state-of-the-art processing hardware, a novel mechanical design, and three separate algorithmic components. One of the key improvements in this system is a method for recognising the point of stem attachment (the calyx) so that it can be distinguished from defects. A neural network classifier on rotation invariant transformations (Zernike moments) is used to recognise the radial colour variation that is shown to be a reliable signature of the stem region. The succession of oranges processed by the machine constitute a pipeline, so time saved in the processing of defect free oranges is used to provide additional time for other oranges. Initial results are presented from a performance analysis of this system.

Identifier

0032000043 (Scopus)

Publication Title

Artificial Intelligence Review

External Full Text Location

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5048-4_6

ISSN

02692821

First Page

117

Last Page

136

Issue

1-3

Volume

12

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