Document Type

Dissertation

Date of Award

5-31-2023

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science - (Ph.D.)

Department

Chemistry and Environmental Science

First Advisor

S. Mitra

Second Advisor

Tamara M. Gund

Third Advisor

N. M. Ravindra

Fourth Advisor

Edgardo Tabion Farinas

Fifth Advisor

Genoa R. Warner

Abstract

Water scarcity is one of the major challenges facing humanity today, driven by population growth, economic development, and dietary shifts towards more water-intensive animal products. To address this issue, efficient water resource management and recycling of wastewater are essential. However, around 80% of wastewater globally is discharged into water bodies without treatment, posing a risk to ecosystems and human health. Pathogens, or harmful microorganisms, are a primary cause of water impairment and the transmission of waterborne diseases, leading to increased mortality rates. Traditional methods of treating pathogens involve the use of radiation or chemical disinfectants. Nonetheless, these methods have drawbacks, including the generation of toxic byproducts and the need for high dosages to achieve 100% efficiency.

Membrane technologies, such as reverse osmosis and membrane bioreactors, offer an effective and sustainable solution for treating pathogens in water. While these methods can be costly, ongoing research is exploring new opportunities for technological and economic advancements, including the use of nanocarbon-based composite membranes. This dissertation focuses on novel membrane-mediated processes that use carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), and metal organic framework (MOF) immobilized membranes for enhanced biocidal effects. The thesis covers the membrane fabrication process, characterization techniques, and membrane performance based on bacterial/viral deactivation and flux enhancement. It also explores the development of novel CNT-functionalized analogs that have potential applications in antiviral coatings, nanocomposites, adsorbents, and personal protection gear. The research presented in this thesis provides insights into the challenges, alternatives, methods, outcomes, and future possibilities for using nanocarbon-based composite membranes in water treatment. Ultimately, these innovative technologies hold promise for enhancing water sustainability, protecting human and environmental health, and ensuring access to clean water for all.

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